Dietary fibre extracted from different types of whole grains and beans: a comparative study

Dietary fibre (DF) from different whole grains and beans (quinoa, buckwheat, highland barley, pea and mung bean) was extracted by enzymatic action. The components, crystallinity and properties were comparatively studied. Furthermore, we evaluated correlations between DF components and their crystallinity, thermal, physicochemical and functional properties. Results showed quinoa DF had highest polyphenol (25.58 mg GAE per 100 g), pectin (4.68%) and cellulose (52.34%) contents, crystallinity value (CV, 30.24%), ΔH (185.53 J g⁻¹), water-holding capacity (WHC, 5.35 g g⁻¹), α-amylase activity inhibition ratio (α-AAIR, 13.34%) and glucose absorption capacity (GAC), but lowest protein content (9.78%) and T_p (163.05 °C). Mung bean DF had highest lignin content (33.56%), fat adsorption capacity (4.73 g g⁻¹), and T_p (176.25 °C), but lowest CV (15.26%) and ΔH (132.15 J g⁻¹). Correlation analysis showed cellulose content had positive linear correlations with CV, ΔH, WHC, α-AAIR and GAC, but a negative correlation with T_p. The structure and properties of DF are largely attributed to cellulose content.     

我国粮食中农药残留限量标准现状

现行食品中农药最大残留限量标准中涉及食品类别繁多,每类食品农药最大残留限量特点各异,尚未有针对粮食这一大类别农药残留限量的特点分析。本文重点介绍了我国粮食中农药残留限量总体状况,比对了GB 2763-2016、GB 2763.1-2018与GB 2763-2014标准中粮食农药残留限量的变化,包括农药种类、残留限量指标值、检测方法等内容,使广大粮油检测工作者全面系统了解粮食中农药残留限量现状,为今后监测工作提供帮助。同时在分析涉粮农药残留限量标准基础上,探讨了GB 2763-2016农残限量标准存在的问题,并提出了修改建议,对完善我国粮食农药残留限量标准具有现实意义。     

储粮品质太赫兹光谱检测技术研究进展

摘要：粮食质量与安全问题备受国民的关注,了解粮食在储藏过程中品质的变化趋势,特别是在早期阶段对其劣变状况进行快速、准确检测是当前粮食行业的重要任务之一。太赫兹光谱探测与成像技术具有快速、无损、衰减性小、无电离辐射伤害等特性现已成为无损检测技术的研究热点,在人体安全检查、环境监测、病变诊断、农产品质量控制等诸多领域取得了阶段性进展,在储粮品质检测方面也具有良好的应用前景。本文主要对太赫兹时域光谱技术的探测原理和光学参数提取以及成像技术进行了综述,重点阐述了该技术在储粮品质鉴别与分类、储粮新陈度、储粮真菌污染、以及储粮害虫检测方面的应用研究,并对太赫兹光谱技术在粮食品质快速检测中的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

槲皮素、山柰酚和芦丁对高果糖和高脂饮食诱导的大鼠代谢综合征的影响

本研究在同一水平比较了3?种结构相似的黄酮——槲皮素、山柰酚和芦丁对大鼠代谢综合征的影响效果。SD大鼠分为5?组：基础饮食组、高糖高脂饮食组（模型组）、加入槲皮素（2.6?mmol/kg?mb）的高糖高脂饮食组、加入山柰酚（2.6?mmol/kg?mb）的高糖高脂饮食组、加入芦丁（2.6?mmol/kg?mb）的高糖高脂饮食组,持续饲喂13?周。测定血清生化指标、氧化应激指标、促炎细胞因子水平和肝脏组织学变化。结果表明：与喂食高糖高脂饲料的模型组（（33.00±0.67）U/L）相比,槲皮素能显著降低大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶活力至（25.00±0.67）U/L（P＜0.05）;山柰酚能有效降低大鼠体质量增加和减少脂肪堆积,且大鼠最终平均体质量比模型组降低了10.7%。在口服葡萄糖耐量实验中,模型组的曲线下面积为（13.80±0.45）mmol/（L·min）,而芦丁组显著下降至（12.10±0.13）mmol/（L·min）（P＜0.05）。说明3?种黄酮均可有效改善大鼠代谢综合征;且尽管这些化合物具有相似的结构,但产生的生物学作用不同。     

基于近红外光谱及邻域粗糙集算法的

为了能够无损、准确检测出稻谷在贮藏过程中的宜存状况,利用近红外光谱技术结合数据分析方法建立了稻谷贮藏品质的鉴别模型。采集1 000～1 800 nm范围内285份样品近红外光谱数据,依据实测脂肪酸值将样品宜存状况划分为宜存、轻度不宜存、重度不宜存三类,采用邻域粗糙集（neighborhood rough set,NRS）算法终选出最优的10个特征波长结合随机森林（random forest,RF）算法所建立的稻谷贮藏品质鉴别模型性能最优,其校正集与测试集正确识别率分别为96.31%和9368%,敏感性和特异性参数分布在0.93～0.99。经分析比较,该模型性能同样优于采用连续投影算法（successive projections algorithm,SPA）和主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）结合RF算法各自建立的分类模型。结果表明,近红外光谱技术结合NRS和RF算法用于稻谷贮藏品质的鉴定是可行的,适用于储粮品质安全现场快速筛查。     

Effect of rice storage on pasting properties of rice flour

The pasting properties of rice flour following storage of the grain for up to 16 months were investigated. Storage produced changes in the RVA pasting curves of the flour as a varietal, time and temperature dependent phenomenon. The data confirm that viscograms from samples stored at 4 and 37 °C provide a valid comparison of the effects of ageing on pasting behaviour. The most significant change in the pasting curve was the decrease in BD over time and the gradual disappearance of a clearly defined peak in aged samples. Chemical (β-mercaptoethanol) and enzyme treatments (hemicellulase, cellulase and protease) of flour obtained from aged rice produced various changes in the RVA viscograms. The most notable effect was produced by protease treatment which increased PV and decreased FV of flours from aged (higher temperature storage) rice samples. Aged samples treated in this way showed a peak and trough as normally seen in fresh rice. Thus, protein appears as a key component in the ageing process.     

赭曲霉毒素A时间分辨荧光侧流层析试纸条的研究

目的 构建一种基于时间分辨荧光纳米微球的赭曲霉毒素A (ochratoxin A, OTA)侧流层析试纸条。方法 基于免疫层析原理, 以时间分辨荧光纳米微球为信号探针, 降低非特异性荧光的干扰, 提高检测灵敏度, 并通过优化样品提取液和样品稀释液, 进一步提高现场检测OTA的灵敏度和准确性。结果 OTA在1~50 μg/kg范围内, T线和C线荧光强度的比值与OTA浓度的对数值具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数r2为0.9981~0.9998。不同基质中OTA的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)分别为0.401 μg/kg~0.614 μg/kg和0.970 μg/kg~1.617 μg/kg, 加标回收率为89.53%~118.37%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)小于12% (n=3), 且与呕吐毒素、伏马菌素B1、黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和T-2毒素的交叉反应率均小于5%, 特异性良好。基于荧光定量快速检测技术平台OTA侧流层析试纸条可在8 min内快速准确地定量检测出待测样本中OTA的含量。结论 本研究所制备的时间分辨荧光侧流层析试纸条可实现玉米、小麦和饲料中OTA的快速定量检测, 并具有成本低、灵敏度高、操作简便、准确高、重复性好、特异性好的优点, 可满足国内外OTA检测的技术要求, 为真菌毒素快检技术的发展提供技术支撑。     

毕赤酵母产伏马毒素B1羧酸酯酶发酵条件和培养基的优化

为提高毕赤酵母重组菌产伏马毒素B1(fumonisin B1,FB1)羧酸酯酶的摇瓶发酵水平,以酶活力为指标,对发酵条件和培养基进行优化。通过单因素试验对发酵条件进行优化。通过Plackett-Burman试验筛选出关键培养基成分,再进行正交试验建立试验数据样本,最后建立误差反向传播神经网络模型进行预测并寻找最优发酵培养基组成。经优化得到的发酵条件:诱导温度28℃,初始p H 6.0,每24 h补加体积分数为1%的甲醇,诱导96 h;优化后发酵培养基组成:蛋白胨23 g/L、KH2PO444 g/L、PTM4 (Pichia trace minerals 4)微量元素溶液1.5 m L/L、K2SO47.15 g/L、Mg SO4·7H2O 5.85 g/L和酵母粉5 g/L。FB1羧酸酯酶酶活力达到402 U/m L以上,较优化前提高了1.19倍。优化后显著提高了重组菌株的产酶能力,研究结果为FB1羧酸酯酶发酵罐优化提供了基础数据。